五味子乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡抗氧化功能和血液生化指标的影响

[目的]研究中草药五味子作为饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡抗氧化功能和血液生化指标的影响。[方法]以五味子乙醇提取物、五味子乙醇提取物和女贞子水提取物配伍及黄霉素作为饲料添加剂,测定肉鸡血清、心脏、肝脏和肾脏组织中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性与丙二醛含量以及血清生化指标。[结果]五味子乙醇提取物及五味子乙醇提取物与女贞子水提取物配伍均能在不同程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化能力。[结论]结果为五味子在肉鸡饲养中的应用提供了参考。     

4ZAG-30型沙生灌木栽植机的推广应用

介绍了沙生灌木栽植机的总体结构、主要技术参数、核心部件的设计及工作原理。     

酵母锌对肉鸡生长性能及生理功能的影响

选用1日龄白羽肉鸡100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组20只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ为酵母锌组,锌水平分别为50,35mg/kg,Ⅲ为硫酸锌组,锌水平为50mg/kg;Ⅳ为空白酵母组,酵母添加剂量为100mg/kg;V为基础日粮对照组。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,50d后,对生长性能、血常规、血液生化（Crea、Urea、AST、ALT、ALB）及抗氧化（抗O2-.、GSH-Px、GSH）指标进行检测。结果显示,平均日增重和料重比,21d时各组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,50d时与V组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组生长性能显著提高（P〈0.01）,其中I组最高。各组血液常规指标均处于正常范围内,但Ⅰ组红细胞数极显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）。血清中肌酐、尿素含量以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组白蛋白含量较其他组显著提高（P〈0.01）。血清抗O2-.活力、GSH含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px活力Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。结果提示,日粮添加适量酵母锌（Zn 50mg/kg）可以提高肉鸡生长性能,在一定程度上增强机体免疫机能,提高肝脏功能和机体抗氧化功能。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotic on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a synbiotic (Biomin IMBO) on serum parameters and feeding efficiency in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. The fish with initial average weight of 4.59 ± 0.2 g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for two months. The dietary treatment (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of diet) was supplemented with basal diet and non-supplemented basal diet was used as control. After two months, all treatments supplemented with synbiotic showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in final mean weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, condition factor, food conversion efficiency and survival rate, compared to the control group. Among all supplemented treatments, the best result in terms of growth factors and survival was observed in the treatment supplemented with 1 g synbiotic per kilogram of diet. Furthermore, supplementation with symbiotic, specifically 1 and 1.5 g/kg, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total serum protein, but there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in globulin content, albumin/globulin ratio, and triglyceride content among experimental treatments. In terms of body composition, carcass protein content of fish fed with synbiotic significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to the control. These results revealed that a feeding regime with synbiotic for two months led to a significant increase in growth performance, survival rate and feeding efficiency in rainbow trout fingerlings.     

小波变换的木材纹理在线分选

以180幅木材样本图片为对象,研究以小波变换方法提取特征参数,分析几种小波基的特点和性质,最终以对称性为依据,选择使用sym4小波对图像进行二级小波分解,可以得到一级水平细节HL1、垂直细节LH1、对角细节HH1,二级的近似LL2、水平细节HL2、垂直细节LH2、对角细节HH2共7个子图,提取整幅图像的熵和每个子图小波系数的均值及标准差作为特征参数。将木材纹理按照直纹、抛物线和乱纹3种纹理的分类标准,以BP神经网络作为分类器进行了木材纹理分类的验证,并与灰度共生矩阵的方法进行了对比。试验表明:采用小波变换的方法对木材纹理特征进行描述,不但提高了分类的准确率,重要的是缩短了运算时间,可以达到在线监测的要求。     

富马酸亚铁对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及微量元素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究富马酸亚铁对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及微量元素含量的影响。选择初始体重为（８９．２±０．２）ｇ的虹鳟幼鱼 ３６０尾,随机分成 ６组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 ２０尾鱼,分别饲喂添加富马酸亚铁 ０、２０、４０、８０、１６０、４８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（以铁计）的试验饲料,各组分别为 Ｄ０、Ｄ２０、Ｄ４０、Ｄ８０、Ｄ１６０和 Ｄ４８０组,Ｄ０组为对照组。各组铁实测含量分别为 ６２．６、７９．５、９９．６、１３９．３、２１５．２、５３８．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,试验期６０ｄ。结果表明：１）饲料中不同铁水平对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。２）血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势;各组血细胞比容无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３）各组全鱼、脊椎骨和肌肉铁含量随着饲料中铁水平的升高而升高,肝脏铁含量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势;各组全鱼锌含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｄ０组脊椎骨和肌肉锌含量显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｄ０和 Ｄ２０组肝脏锌含量显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;全鱼铜含量随饲料铁含量的升高而升高,各组脊椎骨铜含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｄ０组肌肉铜含量显著低于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。４）Ｄ０组血清溶菌酶活性显著低于 Ｄ２０、Ｄ４０、Ｄ８０和 Ｄ１６０组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但与 Ｄ４８０组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;过氧化氢酶活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,Ｄ４０组最高。由此可见,本试验条件下,以富马酸亚铁作为铁源,通过折线模型分析发现,以血红蛋白含量和肝脏铁含量为评价指标的虹鳟幼鱼对饲料中铁需要量分别为 ９９．８和 １００．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

烟酸对高精料饲粮肥育肉牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究高精料饲粮中添加烟酸对肥育肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选择体况良好、体重(402.2±25.4)kg的杂交公牛[西门塔尔()×中国黄牛(♀)]24头,随机分成4组,每组6头牛。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组在精料中分别添加200、400、600和800 mg/kg的烟酸(以干物质计),饲粮精粗比85∶15,试验期56 d。结果表明:补饲烟酸对干物质采食量没有显著影响(P>0.05),Ⅳ组的生长性能优于其余3组。Ⅳ组饲粮粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率显著地高于其余3组(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著地高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著地高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。烟酸水平对血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯和β-羟基丁酸的浓度无显著影响(P>0.05),Ⅳ组血清非酯化脂肪酸浓度极显著地高于其余3组(P<0.01)。结果提示,高精料饲粮中补饲烟酸可提高肥育肉牛生长性能和养分表观消化率,本试验条件下以精料中添加800 mg/kg的烟酸效果较好。     

喷嘴结构对网衣清洗装备水下空化特性的影响

为揭示淹没环境下喷嘴高压射流空蚀的作用机理及沿程参数作用,基于空泡演变过程,利用有限体积法采用混合多相流模型对网衣清洗装备喷嘴空化程度、速度分布及射流空蚀强度进行分析,与实验结果进行对比。结果表明：喷嘴空化初生、生长及溃灭主要发生在流场外围区域,试验样靶空蚀区以圆环形式呈现,在圆环冲蚀区内分布密集的冲蚀凹坑,中心区域有明显的冲蚀斑痕;空蚀强度受喷嘴结构参数影响较大,与入口直径D=4 mm~6 mm喷嘴比较,D=3 mm喷嘴最大气相体积分数提升了6.4%~19.5%;喷嘴出口扩口角结构大幅度提升了喷嘴空化强度,在样本值内30°出口角喷嘴空蚀效果最佳;相同喷嘴缩口直径下,长径比n=3~6范围内,长径比的增大提升了喷嘴的空化强度;喷嘴直径D、出口角度α、长径比n对空蚀作用的影响程度顺序为α＞D＞n。     

高温胁迫对哲罗鱼血液指标和热休克蛋白基因的影响

为探讨高温对哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)血液指标和热应激蛋白基因表达的影响,本研究选取50尾2龄哲罗鱼进行高温胁迫试验。结果显示:高温时哲罗鱼体内供氧相关的红细胞和血红蛋白增加;淋巴细胞上升,但非特异免疫的中性粒细胞和单核细胞功能受到抑制;肝功能指标显示ALP增高;肾功能指标CREA-S含量表现先下降后上升的趋势;心脏功能的CK先下降、后上升。血液、心脏和脑中部分热应激蛋白表达量增加。结果表明:高温时哲罗鱼体耗氧增加,鱼体处于免疫状态,肝功能和肾功能在一定程度上受到一定损伤,心功能在26.0℃持续一段时间后得到恢复。由于肝受到了损失,已经失去了调节功能,血液、心脏和脑中部分热应激蛋白表达量增加以缓解鱼体不适。     

Effects of feed particle size at dietary presence of added organic acids on caecal parameters and the prevalence of Salmonella in fattening pigs on farm and at slaughter

In a field study with fattening pigs, effects of feed particle size at the dietary presence of organic acids on Salmonella prevalence were measured. On two farms (f1/f2), each holding ～800 pigs, diets based on finely ground (control) or coarsely ground ingredients (experiment) were fed as crumbs. On f1 both control and experimental grower and finisher diets contained identical concentrations of formic and propionic acid (0.4% and 0.2% respectively). On f2 only finisher diet of the experimental group contained 1.2% potassium diformate. At the start of the fattening period no statistical differences were measured between Salmonella prevalence in animals fed control and experimental diets on both farms. At slaughter Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents was lower (p < 0.05) on f1 in animals fed the experimental diet. Furthermore, the number of seronegative meat juice samples taken from these animals [optical density (OD) <10] was higher (p < 0.001); seropositive as well as distinct seropositive samples (OD ≥20 and ≥40 respectively) were less frequent (p < 0.01) compared to samples from animals fed the control diet. Feeding the experimental diet on f2 resulted in a lower Salmonella detection rate in faeces before slaughter (p < 0.01). Salmonella prevalence was lower in caecal content at slaughter for pigs fed the experimental diet compared to those fed control diet (p < 0.0001). The number of distinct seropositive meat juice samples (OD ≥40) was lower (p < 0.01) for pigs fed the experimental than for those fed the control diet. In comparison to pigs in the control group, starch concentrations in the caecal content from pigs in the experimental groups on both farms were higher (p < 0.05) and the pH values lower (p < 0.05). Propionate (p < 0.0001) and butyrate (p < 0.01) concentrations were higher in the caecal content taken from pigs in the experimental group on f2.